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Maxine Hong Kingston (; born October 27, 1940) is a Chinese American author and Professor Emerita at the University of California, Berkeley, where she graduated with a BA in English in 1962. Kingston has written three novels and several works of non-fiction about the experiences of Chinese immigrants living in the United States. She has contributed to the feminist movement with such works as her memoir ''The Woman Warrior'', which discusses gender and ethnicity and how these concepts affect the lives of women. Kingston has received several awards for her contributions to Chinese American Literature including the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 1981 for ''China Men''.〔("National Book Awards – 1981" ). National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-11.〕〔This was the award for hardcover "General Nonfiction". From 1980 to 1983 in National Book Awards history there were several nonfiction subcategories including General Nonfiction, with dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories.〕 ==Biography== Kingston was born in Stockton, California, to first-generation Chinese immigrants, Tom and Ying Lan Hong. He was a laundry worker and gambling house owner and she was a practitioner of medicine.〔http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/GLD/hits?r=d&origSearch=true&o=DataType&n=10&l=d&c=2&locID=wash11212&secondary=false&u=CA&u=CLC&u=DLB&t=KW&s=1&NA=maxine+hong+kingston〕 Kingston was the third of eight children and the eldest of the six children born in the United States. Her mother trained as a midwife at the To Keung School of Midwifery in Canton. Her father was brought up as a scholar and taught in his village of Sun Woi, near Canton. Tom left China for America in 1925. He was able to bring his wife over in 1940. Kingston was drawn to writing at a young age and won a five-dollar prize from "Girl Scout Magazine" for an essay she wrote titled "I Am an American." She majored in engineering at Berkeley before switching to English. In 1962 Kingston married Earll Kingston, an actor, and began a high school teaching career. The two began a family the following year with the birth of their son Joseph Lawrence Chung Mei. In 1965-1967, Maxine taught English and mathematics at Sunset High School in Hayward, California.〔 After relocating to Hawaii in 1967 Maxine began writing extensively, finally completing and publishing her first book, ''The Woman Warrior: Memoir of a Girlhood Among Ghosts'', in 1976. She began teaching English at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa that same year. By 1981 she had moved on to teach at Berkeley.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/canam/kingston.htm )〕 Her works often reflect on her cultural heritage and blend fiction with non-fiction. Among her works are ''The Woman Warrior'' (1976), awarded the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction, and ''China Men'' (1980), awarded the National Book Award.〔 She has written one novel, ''Tripmaster Monkey,'' a story depicting a character based on the mythical Chinese character Sun Wu Kong. Her most recent books are ''To Be The Poet'' and ''The Fifth Book of Peace.'' A documentary produced by Gayle K. Yamada, ''Maxine Hong Kingston: Talking Story,'' was released in 1990. Featuring notable Asian American authors such as Amy Tan and David Henry Hwang, it explored Kingston's life, paying particular attention to her commentary on cultural heritage and both sexual and racial oppression. The production was awarded the CINE Golden Eagle in 1990.〔(CINE Golden Eagle Award Archives )〕 Kingston also participated in the production of Bill Moyers' PBS historical documentary, ''Becoming American: The Chinese Experience''. Kingston was awarded the 1997 National Humanities Medal by President of the United States Bill Clinton. She was a member of the committee to choose the design for the California commemorative quarter. Kingston was arrested on International Women's Day (March 8) in 2003. Participating in an anti-war protest in Washington, D.C. that was coordinated by the women-initiated organization Code Pink, Kingston refused to leave the street after being instructed to do so by local police forces. She shared a jail cell with authors Alice Walker and Terry Tempest Williams who were also participants in the demonstration. Kingston's anti-war stance has significantly trickled into her work; she has stated that writing ''The Fifth Book of Peace'' was initiated and inspired by growing up during World War II. Kingston was honored as a 175th Speaker Series writer at Emma Willard School in September 2005. In April, 2007, Kingston was awarded the Northern California Book Award Special Award in Publishing for ''Veterans of War, Veterans of Peace'' (2006), an anthology which she edited. In July, 2014, Kingston was awarded the 2013 National Medal of Arts by President of the United States Barack Obama. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maxine Hong Kingston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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